University of Chicago Press

Bibliographic Style Form

DRAKE LIBRARY GUIDE


     The specific format for text reference and bibliographic citations
varies with disciplines and individuals.  If your instructor wants you
to use footnotes or endnotes, rather than parenthetical references,
the Chicago form is probably the one you need to follow, but check
with your instructor as to the preferred format. The most important 
thing to remember is to be consistent in your format.

     The most frequently used style manuals are:

         The MLA Handbook, 3d ed. (Reserve LB 2369 .G53 1999)
         The Publication Manual of the American Psychological
            Association, 4th ed. (Reserve BF 76.7. P82 1994)
         Turabian, Manual for Writers of Term Papers ..., 6th
           ed. (REF LB 2369.T8 1996), based on:
        Chicago Manual of Style , 14th ed. (REF Z 253 .U69
           1993).


     The University of Chicago Press recommends a
parenthetical author-date system of documentation similar to
that found in the A.P.A Manual for its publications in the
natural sciences and most social sciences. However, the
Chicago Manual also describes the documentation style
prevalent in literature, history and the arts which is
described below.


              
Footnotes and Endnotes


     When you cite information or ideas in your paper
which come from another source, mark the end of the passage
with a number.  That number links the information to its
source in the footnote or endnote.  Examples of note formats
for the first time you cite a particular source are listed
below.  (In an actual paper each note would begin with the
number you used to mark the passage where the information
appears.)  The second time you refer to a source, you only
need to give enough information in your footnote to
distinguish it from the other sources you have used.  Often
the author's last name, followed by the page number, is
sufficient (e.g., Milne, 102).  If you have more than one
work by the same author, include a brief title (e.g., Milne,
Winnie, 42).  If you have more than one author with the same
last name, include initials or first name (e.g., A.A.  Milne,
96).


     For the format of sources not included in the following
examples, check the Chicago Manual of Style.




 Footnote or Endnote and Bibliography Examples

                 N = Footnote or endnote form
                 B = Bibliography form


Single       N.     1.Margaret B. Blackman, During My Time:
Author           Florence Edenshaw Davidson, A Haida Woman
                 (Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington
                 Press, 1982), 42.


             B.  Blackman, Margaret B.  During My Time:
                    Florence Edenshaw Davidson, A Haida
                    Woman.  Seattle, Wash.:  University of
                    Washington Press, 1982.



2-3          N.     2.Peter P. Olevnik and Richard Quay, The
authors          Financing of American Higher Education
                 (Phoenix, Ariz.: Oryx Press, 1983), 98.


             B.  Olevnik, Peter P., and Richard Quay.  The
                    Financing of American Higher Education.
                    Phoenix, Ariz.:  Oryx Press, 1983.



4 or         N.     3.Barbara B. White et al., Letters from
more             Cape Vincent, 2nd ed.  (New York: Oxford
authors,         University Press, 1984), 14.
2nd
edition 
             B.  White, Barbara B., et al.  Letters from Cape
                   Vincent.  2nd ed.  New York:  Oxford
                    University Press, 1984.


Corporate    N.     4.American Medical Association, American
author           Medical Associations's Handbook of First
(organi-         Aid and Emergency Care (New York:
zation,          Random House, 1980), 183.
institu-
tion) 
             B.  American Medical Association.  American
                    Medical Association's Handbook of First
                    Aid and Emergency Care.  New York: Random
                    House, 1980.


Author,      N.     5.Karl Rahner, Meditations on Freedom and
with ed-         the Spirit, trans.  Rosaleen Ockenden (New
itor or          York: Seabury Press, 1978), 168.
translator
             B.  Rahner, Karl.  Meditations on Freedom and
                    the Spirit.  Translated by Rosaleen
                    Ockenden.  New York:  Seabury Press,
                    1978.



                            
Chapter      N.     6.Barbara Jancar, "Women in Communist
or essay         Countries:  Comparative Public Policy," in
in a book        Women and World Change:  Equity Issues in
                 Development, ed.  Naomi Black and Ann Baer
                 Cottrell (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications,
                 1981), 142.


             B.  Jancar, Barbara.  "Women in Communist
                    Countries:  Comparative Public Policy."
                    In Women and World Change:  Equity Issues
                    in Development. Edited by Naomi Black and
                    Ann Baer Cottrell. Beverly Hills: Sage
                    Publications, 1981.


Encyclo-     N.     7.Encyclopaedia Britannica:  Macropaedia,
pedia            15th ed., s.v. "epigraphy."
article

             B.  (Commonly used reference sources are not
                    usually cited in bibliographies.)


Journal          --If the journal numbers its pages starting
article          with "1" with every issue, include the issue
                 number.  If the page numbering is continuous
                 throughout the year, the issue number is
                 omitted.


             N.     8.Roger B. McNally, "Nearly a Century
                 Later: The Child Savers-Child Advocates and
                 the Juvenile Justice System,"  Juvenile and
                 Family Court Journal 33, no. 3 (1982):48.


             B.  McNally, Roger B.  "Nearly a Century Later:
                    The Child Savers-Child Advocates and the
                    Juvenile Justice System."  Juvenile and
                    Family Court Journal 33, no. 3 (1982):7-
                    52.


Magazine     N.     9.A. Silver, "Why Kids Are So Good These
article          Days,"  Macleans, 17 October 1983, 18.


             B.  Silver, A.  "Why Kids Are So Good These
                    Days." Macleans, 17 October 1983,
                    16-19.


News-        N.     10."Supreme Court Wipes Out New York's
paper            Death Penalty," Democrat and Chronicle
article          (Rochester) 20 February 1985, Metro edition.


             B.  Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester), 20
                    February 1985.
        


Micro-           --Works published commercially in microform
form             (microfilm, microfiche, microcard) are
                 treated like their paper counterparts, but
                 the form of publication is given at the end
                 of the entry.  Microfilm used simply to
                 preserve printed material, such as
                 newspapers, is usually not mentioned, and
                 the source is cited as it would be in its
                 originally published form.


             N.     11.Martin S. Lindauer and Michael
                 Greenauer, Physiognomic Perception of
                 Positive and Negative Stimuli among Pre-
                 School Children (Bethesda, Md.:  ERIC
                 Document Reproduction Service, ED 206 416,
                 1981), microfiche, 2.


             B.  Lindauer, Martin S. and Michael Greenauer,
                    Physiognomic Perception of Positive and
                    Negative Stimuli among Pre-School
                    Children.  Bethesda, Md.:  ERIC Document
                    Reproduction Service, ED 206 416, 1981.
                    Microfiche.


Govern-      N.     12.U.S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical
ment             Abstract of the United States 1984,
Documents        104th ed. (Washington, D.C.: Government
                 Printing Office, 1983), 107.


             B.  U.S. Bureau of the Census.  Statistical
                    Abstract of the United States 1984.
                    104th ed.  Washington, D.C.: Government
                    Printing Office, 1983.


Congres-     N.     13.House Committee on Ways and Means,
sional           Hearings on National Health Insurance, 93rd
hearing          Cong., 2d sess., 1974, pt. 2.


             B.  U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means.
                    Hearings on National Health Insurance.
                    93rd Cong., 2d sess., 1974.


Interview    N.     14.Ivan Inkling, interviewed by the
                 author, Bozeman, Mont., 12 October 1982.


             B.  Inkling, Ivan.  Interviewed by the author.
                    Bozeman, Mont., 12 October 1982.


                         
Electronic       --Forms of citation for computer-generated
Documents        data are in development.  The International
                 Standards Organization (ISO), to which the
                 University of Chicago Press subscribes,
                 stresses consistency, but permits some
                 choice.  See the Chicago Manual of Style,
                 1993 ed., sec. 15.423-24, for guidance.


                 The following example is loosely based on
                 one provided in the Chicago Manual of Style:


             N.     15. "Your title," in Brocklist
                 [electronic bulletin board](Brockport, N.Y.,
                 1993 [cited 31 January 1994]); available
                 from listserv@acs.brockport.edu; INTERNET.


             B.  "Your title." in Brocklist [electronic
                    bulletin board]. Brockport, N.Y., 1993
                    [cited 31 January 1994].  Available from
                    listserv@acs.brockport.edu; INTERNET.


* Note:  Brocklist is a made-up name for the bulletin board