Undergraduate Studies Catalog (1997-1999)

Chairperson:Steven T. Breslawski; Professors: Louis R. Desfosses, Yu-Ku Li, Joseph R. Mason, John J. Spitzer; Associate Professors: Steven T. Breslawski, Charles Callahan, III, John D. Chasse; Assistant Professors: Inaam A. Al-Hashimi, Gary P. Briggs, James J. Cordeiro, Dal Didia, Susan Stites-Doe, William H. Dresnack, Edward W. Eramus, Richard J. Fenton, Baban Hasnat, D. Donald Kent, Sandeep Singh, Jeffrey C. Strieter, Melissa Waite, Jerald Weaver; Lecturers: Edward F. Van Duzer; Professor Emeritus: Rawle E. Farley.

The department offers a major in business, a major in accounting, a minor in business, a minor in economics, and an interdisciplinary major in international business and economics. For further information concerning requirements, contact the department.

Mission Statement

Philosophy: A high quality undergraduate business program continuously improves and prepares students to (1) function well in entry level business positions, (2) grow in their careers, and (3) pursue graduate education. A high quality program responds to its constituencies; ours include students, alumni, employers, accrediting bodies, and the State University and citizens of New York.

We value faculty contributions in teaching, scholarship, and service to our institutions, disciplines, and communities. Our primary concern is meeting the educational needs of our students. We believe that our teaching efforts benefit from continuous faculty development and scholarly growth. Therefore, scholarship, professional practice, and the advancement of pedagogy are important faculty pursuits. Service activities enhance the reputation of the College and have a positive impact on its programs. Relative emphasis is placed in this order: teaching, scholarship, and service.

Mission and Purpose: In concert with the regional College mission, the Department provides access to quality undergraduate business education for a broad spectrum of academically prepared students, including transfer and non-traditional students. This mission is achieved by (1) delivering relevant and contemporary undergraduate curricula, (2) combining theories of business and economics with business skills, and (3) developing students' professional orientation and social acumen.

Basic Goals: All of our programs share these basic goals to:

1. Be recognized by our stakeholders as a high quality program.

2. Foster high placement rates and a lifetime of success for graduates.

3. Recruit and retain capable students.

4. Understand and address the unique needs of adult learners, full- and part-time employed students, and transfer students.

5. Validate and continuously improve program quality using AACSB accreditation standards and other benchmarking processes.

6. Create a culture that fosters and encourages (1) mutually beneficial relationships between students, faculty, alumni, and the business community, and (2) a belief that life-long learning is vital to career success.
   

Statements of Purpose: Individual Degree Programs. All of our programs build on a comprehensive liberal arts education and provide a broad understanding of business theory and practice in accounting, economics, finance, international business, management, and marketing. All programs develop proficiencies in written and oral communication, numeracy, critical thinking, and teamwork. Graduates have sufficient academic preparation to pursue graduate business education.

The Accounting Major Program provides students with the professional training required to take the CPA examination and pursue careers in public accountancy. Graduates may also assume positions that support an organization's accounting and financial systems.

The Business Administration Major Program provides students with the skills and knowledge necessary to assume entry level positions in an organization's accounting, financial, marketing, and management systems.

The International Business Program provides an interdisciplinary education that includes foreign language proficiency and cross-cultural awareness. Students gain knowledge and develop skills relevant to conducting business in the international domain. Graduates are prepared for careers with organizations with international operations.

Annual Control and Monitoring of the Mission: This mission statement is evaluated on an annual basis in order to keep it current in response to the dynamic environment surrounding business and higher education. The College's mission, human and financial resources, and stakeholder interests are considered.

Major in Business Administration

All students majoring in business administration are required to complete: 15-18 credits of prerequisite course requirements [See 1a below, Course Requirements for the Business Administration Major]; a series of economic analysis corequisites (2a below); a series of business core courses (2b below); and a selection of courses from one of four specialties in the major. Upon graduation, the successful major will have completed a minimum of 36 credits of required business and economics courses (minimum of 39 credits for the accounting specialty) beyond the 15-18 credits of prerequisite courses.

Students must take all 400-level business and economics courses at SUNY Brockport; that is, 400-level business and economics courses cannot be transferred in from another institution and applied to the major at SUNY Brockport.

Declaring a Major in Business Administration

Students who intend to major in business administration, but who have not successfully completed all prerequisite course requirements, may be assigned an advisor in the department by formally registering as an "Intent to Major" with the departmental advisement coordinator. Upon completion of the prerequisite requirements, students must formally declare a business administration major with the departmental advisement coordinator. Students usually complete the prerequisite courses by the second semester of their sophomore year, and formally declare a major at that time.

Students accepted as business majors work closely with academic advisors in the selection of a business major specialty and the planning of their courses. The four business administration specialty areas are: (1) accounting, (2) finance, (3) marketing, and (4) management. Students are required to take a minimum of 12 credits in their specialty area except for the accounting specialty, in which 15 credits is the minimum. Several specialty areas may be pursued on a part-time basis during the evening. Contact the department for details.

Students interested in accounting are encouraged to consider a major in accounting. Upon completion of the accounting major, students are granted a Bachelor of Science degree in accounting and will have met the educational requirements necessary to sit for the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination in New York state. A detailed description of the accounting major can be found immediately following the course requirements for the business administration major.

Note to transfer students: Transfer grades in the prerequisite courses must be "C-" or higher with an overall GPA of 2.0 within the prerequisites. Grades of "D-" and higher are acceptable in all other courses if the courses are eligible for transfer under the current College policy.

Course Requirements for the Business Administration Major

1a. Prerequisite Course Requirements (15-18 credits)

Students must earn a minimum GPA of 2.0 in the following five prerequisite courses (six prerequisite courses for accounting and finance speciality areas), with no grade lower than "C-", before admission to the major will be considered. Any of the prerequisite courses taken at SUNY Brockport must be completed with a 2.0 average and with no grade lower than "C-."

1. An elementary statistics course from another discipline may be substituted for ECN 204. However, credit will be allowed for only one statistics course.

2. MTH 245 Finite Mathematics is a prerequisite for some management and marketing courses.

3. BUS 280 is for the management or marketing specialty areas only. Both BUS 285 and 286 are required for the accounting and finance specialty areas.
   

Major Course Requirements

Completion of the business major requires a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0 in the courses taken under 2a, 2b, and 2c below.

2a. Economic Analysis Corequisites (6 credits)	Credits
ECN 304 Intermediate Statistics	3
and one of the following three courses: ECN 301 Intermediate Microeconomics ECN 302 Intermediate Macroeconomics ECN 305 Managerial Economics	3
Total:	6

Note (2): ECN 302 is required in the finance specialty area.

2b. Business Core Courses (18 credits)

Note:

2c. Business Specialty Options

At least four courses must be successfully completed from the selected specialty area. If the accounting specialty area is selected, at least five courses must be successfully completed. Students must take all 400-level business and economics courses at SUNY Brockport after matriculation at Brockport.

Finance	Credits
BUS 421 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management	3
BUS 422 Corporate Financial Policy	3
and two of the following six courses: BUS 385 Intermediate Accounting I	3
BUS 388 Cost Accounting	3
BUS 428 Seminar in Finance	3
BUS 445 International Financial Management	3
ECN 321 Money and Banking	3
ECN 425 Financial Institutions	3

(2) No more than one of the two accounting courses (BUS 385, BUS 388) may be taken.

Management	Credits
BUS 317 Introduction to Management Information Systems	3
BUS 361 Production and Operations Management	3
and two courses from either a) or b) below:
a. Human Resources Management
ECN 361 Labor Market Analysis	3
BUS 367 Industrial Relations and the Workforce	3
BUS 465 Human Resources Management	3
b. Management Systems
BUS 417 Systems Analysis and Design	3
BUS 463 Small Business Management	3
BUS 446 Comparative Management	3
BUS 466 Organization Theory	3

All students majoring in accounting are required to complete: 18 credits of prerequisite course requirements (1a below), a series of economic analysis corequisite courses (2a below), a series of business core courses (2b below), and all courses in the upper-level accounting array (2c below). Upon graduation, the successful major will have completed a minimum of 66 credits of required accounting, business, economics and mathematics courses, as well as 54 credits of liberal arts coursework beyond the requirements stated above.* Students must take all 400-level business and economics courses at SUNY Brockport once matriculated at Brockport.

Students should declare their accounting major during the first semester of their junior year. Students must have successfully completed all prerequisite course requirements in order to be eligible to declare an accounting major.

*Students should consult with their advisor as to the acceptability of certain liberal arts courses.

Course Requirements for the Accounting Major

1a. Prerequisite Course Requirements (18 credits)

Students must earn a minimum GPA of 2.0 in the following six prerequisite courses, with no grade lower than "C-", before admission to the major will be considered.

2. Major Course Requirements

Completion of the accounting major requires a minimum cumulative grade point average of 2.0 in the courses taken under 2a, 2b, and 2c below.

2a. Economic Analysis Corequisites	Credits
ECN 304 Intermediate Statistics	3
and one of the following three courses: ECN 301 Intermediate Microeconomics ECN 302 Intermediate Macroeconomics ECN 305 Managerial Economics	3
Total:	6

2b. Business Core Courses (24 credits)

All eight courses must be successfully completed.

2b. Business Core Courses	Credits
BUS 325 Principles of Finance	3
BUS 335 Principles of Marketing	3
BUS 365 Principles of Management	3
BUS 366 Organizational Behavior	3
BUS 375 Business Law I	3
BUS 376 Business Law II	3
BUS 475 Strategic Management	3
and one of the following three courses: BUS 421 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management BUS 422 Corporate Financial Policy ECN 321 Money and Banking	3
Total:	24

2c. Upper-level Accounting Courses (18 credits)

All courses must be successfully completed.

Note: A minimum of 12 credits of upper-level accounting must be taken at SUNY Brockport, including BUS 386 and all 400-level accounting courses. Completion of the BS in accounting degree requirements will enable students to gain admission to the Uniform CPA Examination in New York state.

Minor in Business Administration

The Minor in Business Administration includes:

• a 21 hour requirement selected from the Business Administration and Economics curriculum

• a residency requirement

• an enrollment cap to avoid overcrowding in major courses

• advisement OUTSIDE the Business Administration and Economics department
  

RESIDENCY REQUIREMENT: A minimum of 12 hours of the 21 hours required for the minor must be completed at Brockport.

ADVISEMENT: The student's MAJOR advisor would provide pre-registration approval for courses in the minor. Business and Economics faculty would serve as informal advisors in helping the student.

Minor in Economics

1. Economics Minor with a Liberal Arts Major

   Eighteen credits must be successfully completed, including: ECN 201, 202, 301, 302, and two additional upper-division economics courses. ECN 305 may be substituted for ECN 301, but both courses may not be taken for credit.
   

2. Economics Minor with a Business Administration Major

   ECN201, 202, 302, 304, and 301 or 305, plus one additional upper-division economics course, which is not counted toward the business specialty area, must be selected.
   

Major in International Business and Economics

All students majoring in international business and economics are required to complete: 15 credits of prerequisite course requirements (1 below), an economic analysis core course (2 below), a series of international business core courses (3 below), a series of cross-cultural core courses (4 below), and a 300-level or higher course in a foreign language (5 below).

Declaring a Major in International Business and Economics

Students apply for permission to become international business and economics majors during the second semester of their sophomore year. Transfer and non-transfer students follow the same procedure. Admission into the program requires that students must have successfully completed-or be in the process of completing at the end of the semester-all prerequisite course requirements.

Course Requirements for the International Business and Economics Major

1. Prerequisite Course Requirements (15 credits)

   Students must have an average grade of "B" or better in all prerequisite courses with no grade lower than "C-". Any subset of prerequisite courses taken at SUNY Brockport must have a "B" average.

   Prerequisite Course Requirements	Credits
   ECN 201 Principles of Economics (Micro)	3
   ECN 202 Principles of Economics (Macro)	3
   ECN 204 Introduction to Statistics	3
   BUS 280 Introduction to Accounting	3
   Any mathematics course at or above the level of MTH 201 Calculus I (excluding MTH 243, 313 and 441)	3
   Total:	15

   
   Notes: (1) An elementary statistics course from another discipline may be substituted for ECN 204.

   (2) Students have the option of fulfilling the BUS 280 requirement by completing the two fundamental accounting courses (BUS 285 Fundamental Accounting I and BUS 286 Fundamental Accounting II).
   

   2. Economic Analysis Core (3 credits)	Credits
   ECN 301 Intermediate Microeconomics or ECN 302 Intermediate Macroeconomics or ECN 305 Managerial Economics	3
   Total:	3

   
   
   

   3. International Business Core (27 credits)	Credits
   BUS 325 Principles of Finance	3
   BUS 335 Principles of Marketing	3
   BUS 345 International Business Environment	3
   BUS 365 Principles of Management	3
   BUS 445 International Financial Management	3
   ECN 441 International Trade Theory	3
   ECN 442 International Economic Policy	3
   ECN 451 Economics of Development	3
   BUS 475 Strategic Management	3
   Total:	27

   
   
   

   4. Cross-Cultural Core (15 credits)	Credits
   BUS 366 Organizational Behavior or BUS 466 Comparative Management	3
   plus (a) four cross-cultural courses or (b) up to six credits in an approved 12 international internship and two or three cross-cultural courses. Typically, cross-cultural courses are upper-division, international focus, current, and social science courses as approved by the Board of Study of International Business and Economics.
   Total:	15

   
   
   

   5. Foreign Language Requirement (3 credits)	Credits
   One 300-level or higher course in a foreign language	3
   Total:	3

   Students majoring in international business and economics are encouraged to complete some part of their program as study abroad. Those who wish to combine their course work with practical experience are encouraged to participate in an internship either with a local business engaged in international commerce or a similar internship abroad.
   

   
   
   

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BUS 280 Introduction to Accounting (B). Prerequisite: MTH 121 or higher. Surveys aspects of both financial and management accounting from a user's perspective. Topics examined include the accounting cycle, and preparation and analysis of financial statements and management reports. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 285 Fundamental Accounting I (B). Prerequisite: MTH 121 or higher. Covers the logic of accounting as a business language; accounting procedures to carry out the logic; the accounting concept of income determination; and measurement processes for assets owned and used by an accounting entity. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 286 Fundamental Accounting II (B). Prerequisites: BUS 285, and MTH 121 or higher. Covers accounting for corporate capital, bonds and statement of cash flows. Also covers accounting for manufacturing concerns; and the budgetary process and decision models employed by management for internal decision making. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 316 Introduction to Operations Research (A). Prerequisite: MTH 245. Provides an introduction to and survey of basic operations research methods and techniques. Emphasizes how a broad range of decision-making situations in business, government and the social sciences can be represented by mathematical models, and how these models may be solved to lead to improved decisions. 3 Cr.

BUS 317 Introduction to Management Information Systems (A,T). Prerequisite: BUS 280 or BUS 285 or permission of instructor. Provides an introduction to and a survey of the computer-based informational system and organizational uses of the CBIS by operational, tactical and strategic level managers. Includes additional topics such as systems theory and analysis, spreadsheets, database management systems, expert systems, executive information systems and telecommunications. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 325 Principles of Finance (A). Prerequisites: BUS 280 or BUS 285 ; ECN 201, 202, and 204; and MTH 121 or higher. Provides a foundation in finance. Covers concepts of time value of money, risk and diversification, valuation, market efficiency, capital budgeting, sources of financing, and leverage. Also provides an overview of financial planning and analysis. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 335 Principles of Marketing (A). Helps students develop an understanding of marketing in an organization through analyses of role, structure and processes, as they relate to proprietary and public organizations; and covers selection of markets, service/products, and analysis of consumer needs and wants. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 345 International Business Environment (A). Analyzes the environmental aspects of foreign countries, the ability to promote trade with other countries, and the sovereign rights of other nations and their people. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 361 Production and Operations Management (A). Prerequisites: BUS 317, ECN 304 and any mathematics course at or above the level of MTH 201 Calculus I (excluding MTH 243, 313 and 441). Studies production and inventory control, purchasing decisions, capital planning, quality control, product line determination and other relevant topics. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 365 Principles of Management (A). An introductory course designed to acquaint students with an overall understanding of management. Discusses and explores the classic function of management including motivating, planning, organizing, influencing and controlling. Uses various methods to present the material. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 366 Organizational Behavior (A). Prerequisite: BUS 365. Studies the interaction between micro-level individual behavior and characteristics and macro-level organizational dynamics. Topics include human motivation, performance appraisal, group dynamics, communications, organizational development, organizational culture, cross-cultural and global issues. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 367 Industrial Relations and the Workforce (A). Prerequisite: BUS 365. Covers basic theories and issues of human resource management in complex organizations, and workforce planning, development, working evaluation and alienation, productivity measurement, and conflict resolution. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 375 Business Law I (A). Provides basic knowledge of the legal environment of business, including, but not limited to, the judicial system of jurisprudence and the substantive laws of torts, contracts and agency. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 376 Business Law II (A). Prerequisite: BUS 375 or instructor's permission. Includes topics such as sales, negotiable instruments, secured transactions, bankruptcy, personal property, business entity concepts, real property, wills and trusts. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 386 Intermediate Accounting II (B). Prerequisites: BUS 385, ECN 204, and MTH 201 or higher. Emphasizes in-depth reporting for stockholders' equity and accounting for corporate bonds and long-term investments, revenue recognition, leases, pensions, statement of cash flows, and income tax allocations. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 388 Cost Accounting (B). Prerequisites: BUS 286, and MTH 201 or higher. Concentrates on the internal accounting problems of a business dealing with cost behavior, cost accounting systems, budgeting, and performance measurement. Includes topics such as cost-volume-profit analysis, variance analysis, standard costing procedures, and managerial decision analysis. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 417 Systems Analysis and Design (A). Prerequisite: BUS 317 or instructor's permission. Examines the phases within the systems life cycle for development of an information system application. Emphasizes the standards, tools and techniques required in the analysis of information requirements and in logical design. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 420 Short-Term Financial Management (A). Comprehensive introduction to short-term financial management/working capital management including cash management systems, corporate liquidity, receivables and payables management, banking and payment systems. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 421 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management (A). Prerequisites: BUS 325 and ECN 304. Provides an introduction to modern investment theory and analysis. Covers the organization and functioning of securities markets, risk and return relationships, modern portfolio theory, asset pricing models, efficient markets and arbitrage concepts, stocks, bonds, options, futures, mutual funds, convertibles, and warrants. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 422 Corporate Financial Policy (A). Prerequisites: ECN 304 (may be taken concurrently), BUS 325, and ability to use a spreadsheet. Discusses financial policy. Includes a detailed treatment of capital budgeting, theories of capital structure and dividend policy, lease versus buy decisions, corporate restructuring, efficient markets, agency theory, leverage concepts, and pricing and valuation of securities. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 428 Seminar in Finance (A). Prerequisites: BUS 421 or 422, ECN 304, and completion of departmental math prerequisite. Addresses recent developments in the areas of advanced corporate finance or investment analysis, depending on the interest of the instructor. Includes a review of recent literature, analysis of cases and situations, and use of software packages as appropriate. 3 Cr.

BUS 432 Sales Management (A). The responsibilities and challenges of managing the sales function are treated. Analytical and interpersonal skills are stressed and these include planning, organizing, directing, motivating, and controlling a sales organization. Legal and ethical issues are examined. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 433 International Marketing (A). Prerequisite: BUS 335. Examines and analyzes the similarities and differences among domestic and foreign markets. Includes in the analysis the consumers, 4 P's (product, price, place, promotion), uncontrollable variables, and implementation of the marketing concept in a foreign market. Also investigates the coordination and integration of a firm's national marketing program with its foreign marketing program. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 434 Direct Marketing (A). Prerequisite: BUS 335. Discusses one of the fastest growing marketing sectors. Covers database creation and management, direct mail, catalogs, telemarketing, and use of the media as stand-alones or integrated into a marketing mix. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 435 Consumer Behavior (A). Prerequisite: BUS 335. Explores how individual and group behavior affects marketing decisions, and how to market the right product/service to proper market segments. Relates behavior characteristics to product, price, place and promotion. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 436 Market Research (A). Prerequisites: BUS 335 and ECN 304. Covers marketing information; proper techniques for problem identification, and use of research methodology and techniques to define problems, using primary and secondary data sources. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 437 Promotional Policy (A). Prerequisites: BUS 335 and 435. Provides an overview of promotional policies, the relationship between promotional policy and marketing process, and the promotional policy in the context of the behavioral sciences. Discusses how to evaluate and select the best form of communication for the potential customer. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 438 Marketing Channels and Logistics (A). Prerequisites: BUS 335. Discusses how to properly evaluate appropriate marketing channels and apply marketing principles to selection and management of utilized channels. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 439 Retail Management (A). Prerequisite: BUS 335. Covers basic marketing functions of merchandising, promotion, control, and organization as they relate to retail organizations. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 440 Industrial Marketing (A). Prerequisite: BUS 335. Studies industrial organizations, policy formation, and the use of buying and selling in industrial and governmental organizations, as well as buyer-seller relationships. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 441 Marketing Management (A). Prerequisites: Marketing specialty major and senior status. Provides an introduction to marketing problems as they relate to proprietary and public organizations, and decisions needed in product and service pricing, distribution and promotional strategy. Uses case analyses. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 445 International Financial Management (A). Prerequisite: BUS 345 or instructor's permission. Covers the theories and practical aspects of international financial management. Includes topics such as international payments mechanism, exchange market operations, arbitrage and hedging, spot and forward exchange, long-term international capital movements, international financial institutions, accounting, and taxation. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 446 Comparative Management (A). Prerequisite: BUS 345. Covers effective communications and decision making; coping, managing and surviving in highly competitive, dynamic, and turbulent institutions; and how to deal with and resolve complex organizational ambiguities. 3 Cr.

BUS 463 Small Business Management (A). Prerequisite: BUS 317 and declared business major. For the prospective small business manager who needs the tools and techniques essential for starting, building and maintaining a successful enterprise. Includes topics helpful to the successful operation of the small business, especially finance, marketing, production, personnel, inventory control, purchasing, planning, cost control, computer systems and entrepreneurial leadership. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 465 Human Resources Management (A). Prerequisites: BUS 317 and BUS 365. Studies personnel functions and programs from the perspective of the organization; and industrial and social psychology of human behavior in work situations. Includes major topics such as personnel selection and training, job evaluation, performance evaluation, compensation and fringe benefits, legal aspects of compliances, and related theories of individual and group behavior. 3 Cr. Fall.

BUS 466 Management Theory Seminar (A). Prerequisite: BUS 366 and senior status. A forum for exploring current and emerging topics in the field of general management. Representative topics include transaction cost economics, institutional theory, resource dependence theory, quality management theories, learning organizations, gender, age, AIDS in the work place, and diversity. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 467 Labor Law (A). Provides an introduction to the historical and legal ramifications of federal statutes and case law decisions which affect the bargaining rights of all employees. 3 Cr.

BUS 475 Strategic Management (A). Prerequisites: BUS 325, 335, 365, declared business major, and senior status. The student's ability to use spreadsheet and word-processing software is assumed. Emphasizes the use of theories and models to solve complex business problems and prepare comprehensive case analyses. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 485 Federal Income Tax (B). Prerequisite: BUS 385. Covers fundamental income tax principles such as gross income, personal and business deductions, capital gains and losses, depreciation methods, and credits against the tax. Also discusses tax-free exchanges for residential and commercial property. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 486 Advanced Accounting (B). Prerequisite: BUS 386. Studies accounting for partnerships, branch operations, consolidated financial statements, and multi-national corporations. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 487 Auditing (B). Prerequisite: BUS 386. Studies the theory and practice of auditing, including the accountant's methods and procedures used to obtain the necessary evidence upon which to base an opinion regarding the fair representations of a client's financial statements. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

BUS 488 Federal Income Tax II. Prerequisite: BUS 485 or permission of instructor. Provides an in-depth analysis of the taxation of various entities, including corporations, partnerships, estates and trusts. Includes additional topics such as tax issues related to not-for-profit organizations and international taxation of individuals and corporations. Emphasizes tax research in the areas of compliance and tax planning. 3 Cr.

BUS 489 Accounting for Non-profit Entities (B). Prerequisite: BUS 386. Examines the unique characteristics of government and not-for-profit entities, including their use of funds and account groups. Emphasizes the accounting of various funds and account groups as well as other budgeting, classification, and financial reporting issues. 3 Cr. Spring.

BUS 490 Senior Thesis Research (A). Prerequisites: GPA of 3.25, declared major, and 18 credits of upper-division business courses. Part of a two-semester course of study aimed at providing students an opportunity to acquire in-depth knowledge in a specialized area. Allows students to select a faculty member willing to serve as their thesis advisor. Requires students to identify a research topic, and conduct background research to include the preparation of an introduction and bibliography. The data should be collected by the end of the semester. 3 Cr. By Arrangement.

BUS 491 Senior Thesis (A). Prerequisite: Completion of BUS 490. Provides a continuation of BUS 490. Requires students to analyze collected data, explain the results and prepare conclusions. Requires the thesis to be in proper thesis format according to departmental procedures. 3 Cr. By Arrangement.

BUS 498 Internship (A). Prerequisites: 2.75 GPA in major and 2.5 GPA overall. Provides supervised experience in a business environment. 3 or 6 Cr. By Arrangement.

BUS 499 Independent Study in Business Administration (A). Entails special projects in business under the direction of individual staff members. Arranged in consultation with the instructor/sponsor and in accordance with the procedures of the Office of Academic Advisement prior to registration. 1-6 Cr. By Arrangement.

ECN 100 Contemporary Economic Problems (A,S). Covers economic reasoning through the application of essential economic principles, basic principles underlying competing economic systems, and differences between macro- and micro-economic theory as applied to current issues confronting the American economic system. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 201 Principles of Economics - Micro (A). Prerequisite: MTH 121 or equivalent or instructor's permission. Covers determination of prices, demand and supply, behavior of the firm, and resource allocation. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 202 Principles of Economics - Macro (A). Covers problems of the aggregate economy and the policies used to control those problems. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 204 Introduction to Statistics (A). Covers basic concepts of statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, probability and expected value, sampling, and estimation. Note: Students who have received credit for BIO 431, MTH 243, PSH 202, PLS 300, SOC 200, or transfer credit for an elementary statistics course at another institution may waive ECN 204. Students will not receive credit for both ECN 204 and another elementary statistics course. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 301 Intermediate Microeconomics (A). Prerequisites: ECN 201 and 202. Covers the basic tools and techniques of microeconomic analysis, the theory of consumer behavior and demand, theory of the firm and market equilibria, and input markets. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 302 Intermediate Macroeconomics (A). Prerequisites: ECN 201 and 202. Covers the basic tools of macroeconomic analysis, including the determination of national income, employment and price levels, and an analysis of macroeconomic stabilization policies. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 304 Intermediate Statistics (A). Prerequisite: ECN 204 or equivalent. Includes inferential statistics, index numbers, regression and correlation analysis, time series analysis, and chi-square tests. Emphasizes both the proper use and possible abuse of statistical methods in the context of business and economic applications. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 305 Managerial Economics (A). Prerequisites: MTH 121, ECN 201, 202 and 204. Provides an introduction to the economic analysis of business decisions. Includes decision theory, demand theory, and the economic theory of production and costs. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ECN 321 Money and Banking (A). Prerequisites: ECN 201 and 202. Covers the role of money in the modern economy, emphasizing the role of depository institutions, and the evolution of the central banking structure together with domestic and international monetary policy. 3 Cr. Fall.

ECN 332 Urban Economic Problems (A). Covers important urban economic issues such as the location of economic activity, the ghetto and poverty, land use, suburbanization, housing, urban renewal, transportation, education, crime, public finance, growth and planning. Evaluates local and national policies. 3 Cr.

ECN 333 Health Economics (A). Prerequisite: ECN 201 or 111. Analyzes both narrow questions, such as the distribution, efficiency and equity of health delivery systems, and broader issues of the relation between public health and economic activity. 3 Cr. Spring

ECN 361 Labor Market Analysis (A). Prerequisites: A HREF="#ecn201">ECN 201 or 111 and instructor's permission. Focuses on the issues and the analysis of labor markets. Includes wage determination and income distribution, skill structure of the workforce, unionism and unemployment. 3 Cr. Fall.

ECN 362 Collective Bargaining (A). Prerequisite: ECN 361 or BUS 367. Studies the history and development of collective bargaining in the U.S. Analyzes contemporary techniques in labor-management negotiations, with emphasis on the economic environment in which unions operate. 3 Cr.

ECN 381 History of Economic Thought (A). Prerequisites: ECN 201 and 202, or 111 or instructor's approval. Covers the development of economic ideas that have culminated in contemporary economic theory. Studies critical challenges to orthodox doctrine in their appropriate historical setting. 3 Cr.

ECN 421 Public Finance and Fiscal Policy (A). Prerequisite: ECN 301. Analyzes the importance of government tax and spending policies for the economic welfare, including positive and normative analysis of collective decision making and inter-governmental relations. 3 Cr.

ECN 425 Financial Institutions (A). Prerequisite: ECN 321. Covers financial institutions, their operations, and the interrelationships among those that operate in the domestic and international money and capital markets, with emphasis on current problems and issues. 3 Cr. Spring

ECN 433 Urban and Regional Economics (A). Prerequisite: ECN 301, 302 or 305, or instructor's permission. Covers economic analysis to determine the location of the firm; industrial location patterns; land use; regional differentiation, growth, structural change and development policy; intra-urban location; the urban real estate market; and urban prospects and major problems. 3 Cr.

ECN 441 International Trade Theory (A). Prerequisite: ECN 201 or 202 or instructor's permission. Examines the basis of international trade, gains from trade, determinants of trade patterns, effects of trade on welfare, consumption, production and income distribution by applying basic tools, and techniques of economic analysis. 3 Cr. Spring.

ECN 442 International Economic Policy (A). Prerequisite: ECN 201 or 202 or instructor's permission. Applies micro- and macro-economic theories to problems of international economic policy and the basic theories of balance of payments, the international monetary system, policies to achieve internal and external balance, exchange rate variation, and other topics. 3 Cr. Fall.

ECN 451 Economics of Development (A). Prerequisite: ECN 301, 302 or 305, or instructor's permission. Includes topics such as the characteristics of developing countries; the meaning of development; population issues, major employment and migration problems; theories of growth and development; issues in agricultural, industrial, educational development and capital mobilization; and the role of fiscal and monetary policies. 3 Cr. Fall.

ECN 452 Economic Planning: Theories, Policies, Problems (A). Prerequisite: ECN 301, 302 or 305, or instructor's permission. Covers the objectives, principles, techniques, and problems (including limitations) of economic planning at the public and private levels in developed and developing countries and examines case studies in planning in business, government and international organizations. 3 Cr.

ECN 461 Human Resource Economics (A). Prerequisites: ECN 201 and 202. Covers the development and utilization of labor as a productive resource. Has a policy emphasis. 3 Cr.

ECN 473 Introduction to Econometrics (A). Prerequisites: ECN 304, and either 301, 302 or 305. Uses mathematical and statistical tools to investigate the validity of economic theory. Emphasizes the construction, estimation, and testing of models of economic behavior. Presents simple and multiple linear regression estimation methods, with additional emphasis on problems in regression analysis. 3 Cr.

ECN 485 Economics Research (A). Prerequisites: ECN 301, ECN 302, ECN 304 and one additional upper division economics course. Emphasizes the skills of inquiry, analysis, and communication required of a professional economist. Helps students learn to find information, analyze it, and communicate the results of their analysis. 3 Cr.

ECN 490 Senior Thesis Research (A). Prerequisites: GPA of 3.25, declared major, and 15 credits of upper-division economics courses. Part of a two-semester course of study aimed at providing students with an opportunity to acquire in-depth knowledge in a specialized area. Allows students to select a faculty member willing to serve as their thesis advisor. Requires students to identify a research topic, and conduct background research to include the preparation of an introduction and bibliography. The data should be collected by the end of the semester. 3 Cr. By Arrangement.

ECN 491 Senior Thesis (A). Prerequisite: Completion of ECN 490. Provides a continuation of ECN 490. Requires students to analyze collected data, explain the results, and prepare conclusions. Requires the thesis to be in proper thesis format according to departmental procedures. 3 Cr. By Arrangement.

ECN 499 Independent Study in Economics (A). Entails special projects in economics under direction of individual staff members. Arranged in consultation with the instructor/sponsor and in accordance with procedures of the Office of Academic Advisement prior to registration. 1-6 Cr. By Arrangement.