Undergraduate Studies Catalog (1997-1999)

Chairperson: Paul G. Curran; Professors: Alice G. Brand, Frederick M. Burelbach, Philip L. Gerber, David G. Hale, William H. Heyen, Earl G. Ingersoll, John Maier, Stanley S. Rubin, Vincent L. Tollers; Associate Professors: Mark A. Anderson, Evelyn Newlyn, John J. Perry; Assistant Professors: Wendy Brenner, Curran, Yuko Matsukawa, Mara L. McFadden, Charles J. Napravnik; Lecturers: Earleen De La Perriere, Louis Hillman, Judith Kitchen, Rita Mignacca.

For students who seek a general education for work in industry, for those who want to teach, for those who want to write, and for those who are planning professional studies in law, public relations, journalism, library science, advertising, publishing-any field where effective use of the English language is essential and a broad humanistic perspective is needed-majoring in English is the first step in a career. As an alternative, students should consider the English minor, which encourages students to take courses appropriate to individual needs and interests. Students majoring or minoring in English must complete at least 50 percent of their major or minor course work (18 credits for the major, nine credits for the minor) at SUNY Brockport.

Major Specialties in English

Students who major in English must select a 36-credit major from one of three options: literature, creative writing, or certification and preprofessional.

Option I: Literature

This option is recommended for English majors who:

1. are majoring in English principally because of their love of literature;

2. plan to do graduate work in English, comparative literature, American studies, or other related fields; or

3. have career goals in which the depth and breadth of their knowledge of literature are helpful.
   

Requirements: The minimum requirements for this option are 36 credits in liberal arts courses (designated by an A in the catalog) with the following distribution:	Credits
ENL 303 Introduction to Literary Analysis	3
ENL 313 or 314 Shakespeare to 1600 /Shakespeare after 1600	3
ENL 472 Critical Approaches to Literature ( ENL 303 is a prerequisite for this course: also 9 credits in literature* or film studies)	3
One course in British Literature before 1800 (Examples: ENL 202 British Literature I, ENL 411 Chaucer, ENL 416 British Renaissance, ENL 417 The Age of Dryden, Pope and Johnson)	3
One course in British Literature after 1800 (Examples: ENL 203 British Literature II, ENL 419 The Romantic Period, ENL 420 The Victorians and Others, ENL 426 Irish Writers)	3
*Note: Upper-division film courses can satisfy a literature requirement where the content of the film course is appropriate, e.g., Literature by/about Women.
One course in American Literature before 1900 (Examples: ENL 204 American Literature I, ENL 430 American Literature: The Romantic Temper, ENL 431 Transcendental Movement)	3
One course in American Literature after 1900 (Examples: ENL 205 American Literature II, ENL 435 Modern American Poetry, ENL 432 Twain and Contemporaries, ENL 443 Contemporary American Poetry)	3
One course in World Literature or Literature by/about Women or Literature by/about Minorities/Third World. (Examples: ENL 235 Introduction to Afro-American Literature, ENL 355 Mythology, ENL 356 World Mythologies, ENL 354 Bible as Literature, ENL 366 Arabic Culture and the West, ENL 427 Women in the Novel, ENL 440 Literature of the American Family, ENL 442 Topics in Women's Literature)	3
Four upper-division electives in English	12
Total:	36*

*College regulations require that a minimum of 12 credits be upper-division (300- or 400-level). Students who wish to pursue graduate work in English should take additional courses in British and American literature to attain a more thorough understanding of the major literary periods and writers in both areas.

Option 2: Creative Writing

This specialty is recommended for English majors who:

1. are majoring in English principally because of their interest in the processes of literary creation;

2. want to contribute to the world's resources of poetry and fiction; or

3. plan to do graduate work in writing.

Requirements: The minimum requirements for this option are 36 credits in liberal arts courses (designated by an A in the catalog) with the following distribution:	Credits
ENL 303 Introduction to Literary Analysis	3
ENL 210 Creative Writing (prerequisite to ENL 301 or 302)*	3
ENL 403 The Writer's Craft	3
ENL 472 Critical Approaches to Literature (prerequisite: ENL 303 and nine credits of college level literature and/or film study)	3
Two of the following courses: ENL 301 Fiction Writers Workshop ENL 302 Poetry Writers Workshop ENL 305 Advanced Composition for Majors	6
One of the following courses (note prerequisites): ENL 491 Advanced Fiction Writers Workshop ENL 492 Advanced Poetry Writers Workshop ENL 493 The Creative Essay (Students may, with permission of the instructor, repeat ENL 491, 492 or 493 for three additional credits.)	3
Four elective literature courses, at least two of which must be in literature before 1900*	12
One additional elective course in English*	3
Total:	36
*Students waived from ENL 210 should take an additional elective course in English. At least three of the elective courses must be upper-division: ENL 300-499. THE 361 Playwriting may be used as an elective in the Creative Writing option.

Option 3: Certification and Preprofessional Program

This specialty is recommended for English majors who:

1. are in a teacher certification program;

2. plan to continue their education in professional studies such as law, business administration, library science, medicine and education; or

3. have career or personal goals which require high proficiency in accurate interpretation of texts, clarity in communication, and stylistic effectiveness in writing.
   

Requirements:* The minimum requirements for this option are 36 credits in liberal arts courses (designated by an A in the catalog) with the following distribution:	Credits
ENL 303 Introduction to Literary Analysis	3
ENL 472 Critical Approaches to Literature	3
Two courses from among the following: ENL 411 Chaucer ENL 412 Medieval Literature ENL 451 Linguistics ENL 455 Sociolinguistics ENL 481 English Grammar	6
One course in British Literature before 1800*	3
One course in British Literature after 1800*	3
One course in American Literature before 1900*	3
One course in American Literature after 1900*	3
Three elective courses (at least two of them 300-level or above) from the following areas: Shakespeare Literature by/about Minorities/Third World Mythology Literature by/about Women Film World Literature Creative Writing Children's Literature The Bible Literature for Adolescents	9
One additional elective course in English (200-499)	3
Total:	36
*For examples of these courses, see Option I: Literature.

Students interested in primary and secondary teaching should plan their programs to receive preparation in areas they expect to teach. Primary teachers should have a command of basic skills and literary genres. Secondary teachers should have a good grasp of British and American literature, at least one course in Shakespeare, and perhaps some formal course work in areas related to the individual student's special interest. Secondary schools recently have begun offering a variety of courses: ancient literature, the 19th-century novel, the detective story, creative writing, film studies, and women in literature. Preparation in these areas-or others-would be helpful to prospective teachers. Finally, all students interested in either primary or secondary teaching should note courses designed to meet specific needs of prospective teachers, such as Children's Literature and Literature for Adolescents.

Minor in English

The Department of English offers two options: a minor emphasizing literature, and a Creative Writing minor. Requirements for a minor in English are 18 credits, 15 of which must be liberal arts (designated by an A in the catalog), and at least nine of which must be upper-division (courses numbered 300 or above). Distributions for each option are shown below.

Literature Minor	Credits
ENL 303 Introduction to Literary Analysis	3
One course in British literature (ENL 202 or higher)	3
One course in American literature (ENL 204 or higher)	3
One writing course chosen from the following: ENL 210 Creative Writing ENL 301 Fiction Writers Workshop ENL 309 Advanced Composition ENL 302 Poetry Writers Workshop ENL 305 Advanced Composition ENL 308 Business Writing with Computers	3
Two upper-division electives in English	6
Total:	18

Creative Writing Minor	Credits
ENL 303 Introduction to Literary Analysis	3
ENL 210 Creative Writing*	3
ENL 403 The Writer's Craft	3
One course from among the following: ENL 301 Fiction Writers Workshop ENL 302 Poetry Writers Workshop ENL 305 Advanced Composition ENL 309 Advanced Composition for Majors	3
One course from the following (note prerequisites): ENL 491 Advanced Fiction Writers Workshop ENL 492 Advanced Poetry Writers Seminar ENL 493 The Creative Essay	3
One upper-division course in literature	3
Total:	18
*A student waived from ENL 210 should substitute a literature elective.

Student Life

The Writers Forum provides exposure to significant contemporary writers and critics. The English Club offers a variety of activities, including the publication of student writing. Sigma Tau Delta, an international honor society, recognizes significant academic accomplishment. Prizes are available for student scholarship, and the writing of poetry, fiction, and the essay.

Study Abroad

Study abroad programs sometimes are available. Information is available in the Department of English and the Office of International Education.

General Education Requirements

The following courses may be taken to meet the lower-division humanities requirement:
ENL 162 Contemporary American Views
ENL 163 Visions of Other Worlds
ENL 164 Introduction to World Literature
ENL 165 International Fiction
ENL 221 Women's Diversity in American Literature
ENL 237 Native-American Literature
The following course may be taken to meet the lower-division Fine Arts requirement:
ENL 200 Art of the Film
The following courses may be taken to meet the Contemporary Issues requirement:
ENL 353 The Bible and Modernism
ENL 365 Asia and the West
ENL 366 Arabic Culture and the West
ENL 440 Literature of the American Family
ENL 442 Topics in Women's Literature
ENL 470 Women's Popular Culture
ENL 477 Issues in Science Fiction
ENL 485 American Folklife
ENL 495 Literature of the Holocaust

Notes: ENL 112 or equivalent is a prerequisite for any ENL course above 200. Subtitles and contents of topics, seminar, genre, mode, theme, and workshop courses vary by semester. Consult the department for information concerning offerings in any given semester.

Each semester the department provides a booklet containing instructors' descriptions of courses they offer. The booklet may be obtained in the department office.

ENL 101 English for Foreign Students (A). For speakers of other languages whose command of English is limited. Involves intensive experience in spoken and written English and prepares students for either ENL 102 or ENL 112, depending on the recommendation of the instructor. 3 Cr.

ENL 102 Fundamentals of College Composition (A). For students who need practice in expository writing skills. Provides intensive work in writing standard, edited English as preparation for entering ENL 112. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 112 College Composition (A). Emphasizes the development of written discourse with special attention to the writing process. Students generate, revise, and edit several short essays, as well as practice writing in ways that exercise their critical reading and thinking skills. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 162 Contemporary American Views (A,H). Provides a study of contemporary works of American literature, with emphasis upon how they reflect American culture and American senses of identity. Although the course has a thematic emphasis, it also involves consideration of how forms of literature relate to themes. 3 Cr.

ENL 163 Visions of Other Worlds (A,H). Examines "visions of other worlds" that writers over the ages have given us. Focuses on topics such as utopias, "magical realism," etc. Reading lists vary depending upon the instructor. 3 Cr.

ENL 164 Introduction to World Literature (A,H,C). Provides an introductory study of the forms of drama, fiction, poetry, and short story with attention to the classical antecedents and non-Western, Third World books. Aims to develop students' appetites for literature written around the world, and their willingness and ability to discuss and write about it. 3 Cr.

ENL 165 International Fiction (A,H,C). Focuses on short stories and novels from various cultures as vehicles for an examination of human nature. Assumes that, despite differences in nationality, race and culture, human beings share similar concerns, values, and attitudes that transcend those differences. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 200 Art of the Film (A,F). Provides an introduction to film as an art form combining visual, dramatic, and aural arts. Covers basic film vocabulary, elements of film art (camera, sound, editing), trends in film esthetics, and analysis of style of important selected filmmakers; includes screening of short and feature films. Required for Film Studies minors. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 202 British Literature I (A). Explores works from British literature written between 800 and 1750, including those of such writers as Chaucer, Shakespeare and Milton. Examines various styles, forms, and genres. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 203 British Literature II (A). Explores British literature written between 1750 and 1950, including works by writers such as Wordsworth, Browning, Yeats and Woolf. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 204 American Literature I (A). Explores American literature written before 1865, including samples from writers such as Bradstreet, Franklin, Bryant, Irving, Hawthorne, Poe, Emerson and Thoreau. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 205 American Literature II (A). Explores American literature from 1865 to the present, including works by writers such as Whitman, Eliot, Twain and Faulkner. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 210 Creative Writing (A). Examines techniques for writing poetry and/or prose; and requires students to critique and revise their own work. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 221 Women's Diversity in American Literature (A,H). Cross-listed as WMS 221. In American culture, differences in age, class, sexual orientation, physical ability, appearance, and mental ability have produced rich bodies of literature. Focuses on the literatures arising from and associated with several of these categories which cut across race and ethnicity. Also focuses on these differences as they impact women. 3 Cr.

ENL 235 Introduction to Afro-American Literature (A). Cross-listed as AAS 235. Provides an introductory survey of the literature of people of African ancestry in the Americas. Acquaints students with major literary figures and significant historical periods. Discusses issues regarding the relationship between the writers and socio-political and cultural movements and of questions concerning the socio-cultural function that the black writer serves for his/her community. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 237 Native-American Literature (A,H,C). Surveys Native-American voices and visions on issues such as environment, sex roles, and the problems of mixed racial and ethnic people. Uses historical material to define the issues, but with an emphasis on Native-American writings of the 20th century. 3 Cr. Fall.

ENL 301 Fiction Writers Workshop (A). Prerequisite: ENL 210 or instructor's permission. Provides for the mastery of the materials and techniques of writing fiction. Requires students to objectively criticize their own work and the work of others. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 302 Poetry Writers Workshop (A). Prerequisite: ENL 210 or instructor's permission. Examines the substances and processes of writing poetry through contemporary study and objective workshop criticism of student writing. 3 Cr. Fall.

ENL 303 Introduction to Literary Analysis (A). For English majors and prospective majors. Provides skills needed to understand literature in English. Includes close reading of selected texts and study of literary genres, critical terms, the relationship between form and content, and the relationship between text and context. Provides practice in writing literary analyses. Emphasizes skills of generating, rewriting, and editing the documented critical essay and other nonfiction prose suitable to the needs and future careers of English majors. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 305 Advanced Composition (A). A workshop course. Requires frequent writing assignments that are usually peer reviewed. Revision often expected. Encourages participants to write about their own interests and specializations. 3 Cr.

ENL 308 Business Writing and Computers (B, T). Allows students to develop word processing, data base management, and spreadsheet skills to prepare communications for the business world, including letters, memos, reports, and job applications. May require speeches. Taught in the microlab: no previous computer experience necessary. 3 Cr.

ENL 309 Advanced Composition for Majors (A). Restriction: Open only to English majors. Emphasizes skills of generating, rewriting, and editing nonfiction prose suitable to the needs and future careers of English majors. 3 Cr.

ENL 313 Shakespeare to 1600 (A). Covers Shakespearean histories and early comedies. Explores the use of characters, plot, language, and dramatic convention. 3 Cr. Fall.

ENL 314 Shakespeare after 1600 (A). Covers Shakespearean tragedies and late comedies. Explores Renaissance conceptions of tragedy and comedy, as well as Shakespeare's characters, plots, language, and use of dramatic convention. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 331 Modern American Drama (A). Studies selected plays by 20th-century American authors, using a variety of critical approaches. 3 Cr.

ENL 339 Writings by Afro-American Women (A). Cross-listed as AAS 339 and WMS 339. Surveys literary representations in Afro-American fiction from the Harlem Renaissance to the present. Examines the degree to which sexism, cultural stereotypes and racism influence the portrayals and function of women in black American literature. Explores concerns with women's issues and the emergence of the feminist movement in America. 3 Cr.

ENL 353 The Bible and Modernism (A,I). Provides an interdisciplinary investigation of controversies surrounding the Bible in the Modern World. 3 Cr.

ENL 354 The Bible as Literature (A). Provides an extensive examination of the design, moral, ethical and historical significance of the Bible, as well as its major literary forms, including short story, myth, proverbs, psalms, historical narrative and apocrypha. 3 Cr.

ENL 355 European Mythology (A). Studies Greek and Roman myths as background for Western culture, literature and fine arts. 3 Cr.

ENL 356 World Mythologies (A). Defines myths as prehistoric, preliterate narratives from an oral tradition and sees these narratives as fundamental in many ways, stemming from the earliest days of human thought, development and civilization. Considers myths from Africa, the Orient, American Indians, Europe, and South America. Examines what myths say about death, creation, fertility, and the hero. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 365 Asia and the West (A,I). Studies the moral and ethical issues from the 19th century to the present in the literature in Third World countries. 3 Cr.

ENL 366 Arabic Culture and the West (A,I). The Middle East is arguably the area of the world that is most volatile and least understood by people from Western cultural backgrounds who deal with that area. Provides an interdisciplinary exploration of perceptions of the cultural "other," concentrating on cultural products of the Arabic-speaking world. 3 Cr.

ENL 375 American Novel (A). Examines selected American novels according to thematic, stylistic, and chronological patterns. 3 Cr.

ENL 378 Women in American Literature (A). Cross-listed as WMS 378. Examines the ways in which American women writers address the particular circumstances of women's lives during particular decades. Explores the diversity of women's writing by including the works of best-selling writers, of women of color, of working class women and of radical experimentalists. Provides students with a historical, social and cultural context in which to locate the various works. 3 Cr.

ENL 388 Brockport Career Exploration Course I (B). Prerequisite: Instructor's permission. For a description of the BCEC, see Chapter V, Career Preparation, Special Programs. Interested students should pick up information packets and application forms in the Office of Career Services and meet with the coordinator of Community Service before attempting to register. Registration requires a faculty member's signature. 3 Cr.

ENL 389 Brockport Career Exploration Course II (B). Prerequisites: ENL 388 and instructor's permission. For a description of the BCEC, see Chapter V, Career Preparation. Interested students should pick up information packets and application forms in the Office of Career Services and meet with the coordinator of Community Service before attempting to register. Registration requires a faculty member's signature. 3 Cr.

ENL 395 Introduction to Canadian Literature (A). Covers the development of Canadian literature in English from 1867 to the present. Emphasizes 20th-century writing throughout Canada, from the Maritimes to British Columbia, and places it within its cultural heritage, which often parallels that of the U.S. 3 Cr.

ENL 400 Writers Forum Summer Seminar: Fiction (A). Part of the Summer Writers Workshops, one-week intensive study. Devotes three-hour sessions to study of students' work, finished or in progress, and contemporary fiction criticism. Includes one-on-one meetings. May be repeated for credit. 2 Cr.

ENL 402 Poetry: Theory and Practice (A). Explores issues in contemporary poetic theory, study of selected poets, close readings of texts. Intended for creative writers and serious readers. 1-3 Cr.

ENL 403 Writer's Craft (A). Allows students to meet with the director of the Writers Forum and guest artists and critics to discuss contemporary literature and the creative process. Contact the department for names of guests set to appear in the semester and other details. May be repeated for credit. 1-3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 404 Writers Forum Summer Seminar: Journals and Autobiography (A). Part of the Summer Writers Workshops, one-week intensive study. For students and teachers at all levels, and others interested in techniques and uses of journal writing, methods of stimulating writing, and uses of autobiographical material. Requires in-class writing exercises and group sharing. May be repeated for credit. 2 Cr.

ENL 405 Creative Writing for Teachers (A). Explores how to stimulate writing and creative response to literature. Examines contemporary literature for models, and requires students to develop writing exercises, and produce and discuss individual work. Reviews and analyzes current material on the teaching of creative writing. 3 Cr.

ENL 407 Writers Forum Summer Seminar: Science Fiction (A). Part of the Summer Writers Workshops, one-week intensive study. Requires three-hour sessions to help those aiming at eventual publication in fantasy and science fiction. Mornings given to seminars and afternoons to writing and individual attention. May be repeated for credit. 2 Cr.

ENL 408 Writers Forum Summer Seminar: Poetry (A). Part of the Summer Writers Workshops, one-week intensive study. Requires three-hour morning sessions devoted partly to study of contemporary poetry/poetics, but mainly to discussion of work finished or in progress. Includes one-on-one meetings. May be repeated for credit. 2 Cr.

ENL 409 Writers Forum Summer Seminar: Freelance Writing (A). Part of the Summer Writers Workshops, one-week intensive study. Covers the basics of freelance and feature article writing, finding and developing topics, methods of revision, survey of markets, preparation and submission of manuscript, and the author's rights and responsibilities. May be repeated for credit. 2 Cr.

ENL 411 Chaucer (A). Examines a variety of works by Chaucer and other pre-1500 authors. Emphasizes The Canterbury Tales. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 412 Medieval British Literature (A). Studies medieval British literature in its principal forms: lyric, drama, allegory, and romance; its antecedents in Old English literature; its influence on fifteenth century writers; and, as time permits, its connections to European and Middle Eastern literatures. 3 Cr.

ENL 416 British Renaissance (A). Provides a study of selected poetry, fiction, criticism, and philosophy by British writers, from Thomas More to John Milton. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 417 The Age of Dryden, Pope and Johnson (A). Requires students to read selected works from British literature written between 1660-1800, including samples from Dryden, Congreve, Pope, Swift, Defoe and Johnson. Examines some ways these writers resolve the tensions created by the competing demands of reason, tradition, and the imagination during this period. 3 Cr.

ENL 419 English Romantic Writers (A). Covers major authors of the Romantic period (from Blake through Keats); examines significant figures in Romantic literature (such as Byronic heroes and Wordsworth's wanderers); and assesses Romanticism as a cultural phenomenon. 3 Cr. Fall.

ENL 420 The Victorians and Others (A). Examines contributions of the era, such as the writings of Tennyson, Browning, Dickens and others from 1832 to World War I, to the development of British literary thought and artistry. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 421 Seminar in British Writers (A). Provides a study of significant authors treated singly or in coherent combinations. Content varies, with appropriate subtitles provided for the individual course. May be repeated for credit with significant change in focus. 3 Cr.

ENL 422 The British Novel (A). Provides an historical survey of the British novel, with readings from significant novelists. 3 Cr.

ENL 424 Modern British Literature (A). Provides a study of major British dramatists, poets, and novelists of the 20th century. Usually includes Wilde, Synge, Shaw, Auden, Yeats, Woolf, Joyce and Lawrence. 3 Cr.

ENL 427 Women in the English Novel (A). Cross-listed as WMS 427. Provides in-depth examination of some of the great English novels, with some touching upon novels from other countries, to consider their thematic forms and functions, their literary significance, and especially what they reveal about the roles of women and attitudes to patriarchy. 3 Cr.

ENL 429 Roots of American Literature (A). Provides studies in Puritan and 18th-century writing. Emphasizes poetry, diaries, biographies, autobiographies, and essays that contribute to developing American identity. 3 Cr.

ENL 430 American Literature: The Romantic Temper (A). Discusses selected works by authors such as Irving, Cooper, Hawthorne, Melville, Poe, and others to identify the unique contributions of each to the distinct group of ideas, values, and stylistic innovations that comprise American Romanticism. 3 Cr. Fall.

ENL 431 Transcendental Movement (A). Provides a study of mid-19th-century American writers known as "Transcendentalists," with emphasis upon Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Walt Whitman. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 432 Twain and Contemporaries (A). Provides a study of the particularly American visions of Mark Twain and his major contemporaries, including James, Howells, Harte and other emerging regionalists and naturalists. 3 Cr.

ENL 433 The Jazz Age to World War II (A). Provides a study of selected American novelists and poets who dealt with the cultural explosion of the period. Usually includes Anderson, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Faulkner, Steinbeck, Lewis, Eliot, Frost and others. 3 Cr.

ENL 434 American Literature After 1950 (A). Reflects lost identity, cultural wounds, and often suggests attempts at healing them. Begins with American identity as defined by Franklin and Thoreau, and moves quickly into fiction, poetry, and essays of the contemporary period. 3 Cr.

ENL 435 Modern American Poetry (A). Provides an historical investigation into methods of the modern period (1910-1945) in American poetry, including an intensive study of poems by leaders in the movement such as Frost, Masters, Williams, Sandburg, Eliot, Jeffers, Stevens, Millay, and Cummings. 3 Cr.

ENL 440 Literature of the American Family (A,I). Focuses on the family interaction, and family problems in modern American literature. Requires primary and secondary readings in sociology and history to provide a critical perspective on this topic. 3 Cr.

ENL 441 Seeking Her Selves (A,W). Cross-listed as WMS 441. Explores works of American women writers in the 20th century, in fiction, poetry, drama, journal, and criticism. Includes women's social history and contemporary problems, their multiple roles and personal identity, and their special creativity. 3 Cr.

ENL 442 Topics in Women's Literature (A,W). Cross-listed as WMS 442. Provides advanced study of women in literature and women's literature, focusing, for example, on some aspect of female lives, such as adolescence; on one or more female authors writing in a shared tradition, genre, or period; or on women writing on a common topic or from perspectives held in common. 3 Cr.

ENL 443 Contemporary American Poetry (A). Examines the unique character of poetry after World War II: aesthetic theory, significant themes, prominent contributors. Improves students' critical-analytical skills via written assignments of varying character. 3 Cr.

ENL 446 Seminar in American Writers (A). Provides a study of significant authors treated singly or in coherent combinations. Includes figures such as Hemingway and Fitzgerald. Content varies, with appropriate subtitles provided. May be repeated for credit with significant change in focus. 3 Cr.

ENL 451 Linguistics (A). Prerequisite: Junior or senior status. Provides a study of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and sociolinguistics. An option for students in the bilingual-multicultural program. 3 Cr.

ENL 455 Sociolinguistics (A). Provides a study of language in social context. Analyzes problems in social dialects and communications, jargons, slang, bilingualism and language of social conflict. An option for students in the bilingual multicultural program. 3 Cr. Fall.

ENL 458 Great American Film Actors: Selected Topics (A). Provides a close study of great actors of American film who have lent their unique talents to film tradition. Analyzes the artistic, social, personal, and cultural aspects of these actors and their careers. Focus and actors selected may vary, but may not be repeated for credit. 3 Cr.

ENL 459 Film and Reality (A). Provides a study of three major movements in the history of film: Film Realism, Film Illusion, and Modernism. 3 Cr.

ENL 460 Great American Film Directors (A). Using various critical perspectives, provides an in-depth study of major films of selected American film directors-Hitchcock, Capra, Welles. Specific focus shown by subtitle. May be repeated for credit with significant change in focus. 3 Cr.

ENL 462 Significant Themes in Film (A). Explores significant themes and/or eras in film, for example: films of the 1950s, romantic couples, musicals, detective and Western films, and film noir. Specific topics shown by subtitle. May be repeated for credit with significant change in topic. 3 Cr.

ENL 463 Great International Film Directors (A). Using a variety of critical perspectives, provides for an in-depth study of major films of selected international film directors. Normally focuses on two or three directors such as Fellini, Ingmar Bergman, Truffaut, Renoir, Eisenstein, Sagawa, and others. Specific focus shown by subtitle; may be repeated for credit with significant change in focus. 3 Cr.

ENL 464 The Film Star (A). Focuses on the contribution of the actor to the film, differences between acting for silent and for sound films, and differences in acting on stage and in film. Screens films and provides for discussion. 3 Cr.

ENL 465 American Film Comedy (A). Surveys the development of American comic style in film from the silent era to today. Requires screenings of films from Mack Sennett's "Keystone" slapstick to Woody Allen's cerebral comedy. Explores the function(s) of comedy, the theory of laughter, comic visions of America, and personal style vs. genre in comedy. 3 Cr.

ENL 466 Fantasy and Romance (A). Provides a study of an important literary mode through reading, analysis, and creation of selected works of fantasy and romance. Includes readings such as Arthurian tales, Utopia, The Lord of the Rings, etc. 3 Cr.

ENL 467 Tragedy as a Genre (A). Investigates tragedy as both a literary genre and a way of interpreting the world. Considers both personal and cosmic aspects of tragedy in literary works from differing eras and cultures. 3 Cr.

ENL 470 Women's Popular Culture (A,W). Cross-listed as WMS 470. Explores women's popular culture to engender a cultural analysis. Considers such questions as how women's popular culture responds to women's psychosocial needs and how it functions within the dominant culture. Examines samples of the fiction and films that represent twentieth century American women's popular culture. 3 Cr.

ENL 472 Critical Approaches to Literature (A). Prerequisite: ENL 300 or equivalent and nine credits in literature and/or film courses. Requires students to analyze literary texts form and content, write papers of analysis from at least three literary perspectives, classify and describe perspectives of various critics, and define critical terms. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 473 Studies in Literary Genres (A). To be defined by the instructor in accordance with the specific topic to be covered in that semester. Typical topic areas cover specific genres, including the war novel and the experimental novel. Specific focus shown by subtitle. May be repeated for credit with significant change in focus. 3 Cr.

ENL 477 Issues in Science Fiction (A,I). Covers significant developments in the history of speculative and science fiction. Explores major themes such as sex, science and prejudice. Includes representative authors such as Wells, Asimov, Heinlein and Le Guin. 3 Cr.

ENL 481 English Grammar (A). Provides a study of a variety of options writers have in applying transformational rules when they generate sentences. Also provides appropriate terminology for grammatical form and function. Introduces contemporary grammatical theories and analyzes passages of prose and poetry to illustrate the relationship between rhetoric and syntactic choice. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 482 Children's Literature (A). Explores the conventions of children's literature; development of genres of children's literature; and biographical, bibliographical and critical resources in the field. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 484 Young Adult Literature (A). Examines the needs of the young adult reader. Surveys genre literature as well as literature in content areas. 3 Cr.

ENL 485 American Folklife (A,I). Surveys folklore and folklife traditions in America, including awareness and identification of existing materials transmitted orally or by custom in these areas: folk tales, proverbs, riddles, names, ballads, superstitions, games, celebrations, work, foods, medicine, crafts, and architecture. 3 Cr.

ENL 490 Computers in English (B,T). Prerequisite: Instructor's permission. Develops word processing and other skills related to teaching with IBM-clone computers in high school and college. Includes topics such as teaching writing and literature with computers, as well as the acquisition, evaluation, and maintenance of hardware and courseware. 3 Cr.

ENL 491 Advanced Fiction Writers Workshop (A). Prerequisite: ENL 301. Focuses on the writing of fiction and the applied criticism of fiction. Requires students to bring manuscript to a polished state of form, style and content. May be repeated for credit. 3 Cr. Fall.

ENL 492 Advanced Poetry Writers Seminar (A). Prerequisite: ENL 302. Focuses on original poetry writing and applied criticism. Requires intensive critical discussion, revision, and some consideration of work by selected contemporaries. May be repeated for credit. 3 Cr. Spring.

ENL 493 The Creative Essay (A). Prerequisites: ENL 309 or equivalent and instructor's permission. Primarily a writing course in which students "workshop" essays. Explores the historical evolution of the essay and its new forms. Requires students to read a variety of essays and create their own. May be repeated for credit. 3 Cr. Every Semester.

ENL 495 Literature of the Holocaust (A,I). Provides for readings and discussions concerning Hitler's attempted destruction of the European Jews, both fiction and non-fiction, including the work of survivors and victims. Incorporates esthetic, moral, and political perspectives, with special emphasis on the relevance for our time. 3 Cr.

ENL 496 Sex and Censorship (A, I). Cross-listed as WMS 496. Considers the expression of sexual themes-and censorship of them-in contemporary literature, film and media. Includes topics such as the erotic in art, definitions of pornography and obscenity, evolution of censorship standards and practices, the Hollywood Code, the U.S. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography (1970) and its critics, and recent feminist perspectives. 3 Cr.

ENL 499 Independent Study in English (A). To be defined in consultation with the instructor-sponsor in accordance with the procedures of the Office of Academic Advisement prior to registration. 3 Cr.